29th March 2026, A/Prof Chee L Khoo
Just as we are getting used to the GLP1-RA and the bi-hormonal GLP1/GIP co-agonists in the management of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity, the playground is about to get more crowded. Retatrutide is a once weekly triple hormone receptor agonist. It is a single molecule that can activate the receptors for glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), and glucagon.…
28th March 2026, A/Prof Chee L Khoo
Not all women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are the same. There are three subtypes of GDM – isolated fasting hyperglycaemia, isolated post prandial hyperglycaemia or combination of both being abnormal. Similarly, not all women with GDM end up the same after delivery. Women with GDM are recommended to have an OGTT at the 6 weeks postpartum.…
24th February 2026, A/Prof Chee L Khoo
We know that suboptimal glucose control is very associated with the incidence and progression of diabetic retinopathy. The duration of diabetes, high systolic BP, smoking, lack of exercise, poor diet and depression are the other risk factors which increase the incidence of diabetic retinopathy as well as the progression of retinopathy. Sleep disorders, which are commonly observed in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D), are also significant factors that influence the development of diabetic complications [1].…
24th February 2026, A/Prof Chee L Khoo
People on shift work are at higher risk of cardio-metabolic dysfunction including cardiovascular (CV) diseases. People on rotating day and night shifts are even worse because their body has to adapt to a new time clock every couple of weeks. These people include ambulance officers, police officers and hospital doctors! Some of us may not be shift workers but are late owls.…
12th February 2026, A/Prof Chee L Khoo
When we think about major complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), we automatically think of an atherosclerotic cardiovascular event. While diabetic kidney disease, diabetic foot disease and retinopathy makes the quality of life miserable the last 5-7 years of their shortened lifespan but it is ASCVD events that kills them.…
27th January 2026, A/Prof Chee L Khoo
We are very familiar with preventing the progression of prediabetes to type 2 diabetes (T2D). Achievement of remission involves multi-component interventions including dietary and physical activity measures and often, pharmacological intervention. Patients with T2D are at heightened cardiometabolic complications. You would think that preventing the progression from prediabetes to diabetes will prevent some of these complications.…
3rd January 2026, A/Prof Chee L Khoo
Women, in general, have a lower cardiovascular (CV) risk because of the “protection” from the oestrogen exposure from puberty onwards. Of course, that “protection” ends when a woman becomes menopausal and indeed, the prevalence of CV events very quickly approaches those of men within a few years. One of the most difficult decisions to make is when to treat elevated lipids in women.…
28th December 2025, A/Prof Chee L Khoo
We discussed the Lancet Commission’s clinical obesity 12 months ago. Clinical obesity is obesity in the presence of a clinical disease (whether complication or co-morbidity). This is why the PBS is funding semaglutide for patients with obesity and established cardiovascular (CV) disease and not obesity on its own. There are many other “diseases” associated with obesity which will be funded by the PBS in the very near future.…
25th December, 2025, A/Prof Chee L Khoo
With increasing prevalence of obesity, type 2 diabetes, hypertension and obstructive sleep apnoea, we are encountering increasing prevalence of atrial fibrillation in our practice. These are the common risk factors which we associate with a higher risk of developing AF. Surprisingly, there is one group which stands out different from the expected groups listed above.…
29th November 2025, A/Prof Chee L Khoo
We all know how complicated that question is – to screen or not to screen for prostate cancer? There are so many questions that we need to answer when we consider that question. We thought we have the answers when a series of clinical trials from Europe, UK and US reported over the last 15 years.…
23rd November 2025, A/Prof Chee L Khoo
Patients used to be given tacit recommendations about lifestyle changes for metabolic dysfunction associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) because it’s “just a little fat in the liver”. For those of us who have that few patients with those liver as well as non-liver complications, we will remember how horrible these patients fare moving forward.…
11th November, A/Prof Chee L Khoo
Don’t we all hate the onerous restrictions on the PBS Authority criteria to qualify for the PCSK9 therapy. The efficacy of the agents (evolocumab, alirolocumab and inclisran) is well proven in clinical trials (1-3). Only the -mabs have been shown to have cardiovascular (CV) benefits. CV outcomes is yet to be established with inclisiran.…