12th April 2022, Dr Chee L Khoo
It’s almost close to a wonder drug. It is widely used in type 2 diabetes (T2D) for management of hyperglycaemia when the HbA1c is >7.0%. For that indication, it is pretty potent and in clinical trials, can reduce the HbA1c by 1-1.5%. It also assists in weight reduction and thence, reduce the core problem of insulin resistance in these patients.…
22nd March 2022, Dr Chee L Khoo
If you don’t already know that SGLT2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) have significant cardiovascular (and renal) benefits over and above its glucose lowering action, you better catch up with our many, many past issues at GPVoice. You should also be as familiar with the similar benefits of the GLP1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA), especially the newer weekly injectables.…
11th August 2019, Dr Chee L Khoo
All new anti-diabetic agents since 2008 have been mandated by the US FDA to conduct cardiovascular outcome trials (CVOT) to ensure that they are safe, or in statistical jargon, “non-inferior” to placebo in relation to major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). 15 CVOTs assessing DPP‐4 inhibitors, GLP‐1 receptor agonists and SGLT‐2 inhibitors have been completed by the end of 2018 with several others to come yet.…
13th July 2019, Dr Chee L Khoo
New anti-diabetic agents are coming thick and fast. It is easy to get confused as to which agent to use. For injectables, there are currently at least a dozen different insulin preparations and 5 GLP1 -Receptor Analogues (GLP1-RAs) available in Australia. Some are on the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS), some not. It is easy to put them all in the too hard basket.…
23rd March 2019, Dr Chee L Khoo
American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) suggest that if HbA1c targets are not achieved despite the addition of basal insulin in type 2 diabetes (T2D), treatment could also be further advanced by the addition of a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA). The addition of a GLP1-RA has been shown to be as efficacious as the addition of a prandial insulin in patients with T2D who is not at glycaemic target despite the addition of basal insulin therapy (1).…
1st August, 2018, Dr Chee L Khoo
After metformin and sulphonylurea, under the PBS we can choose between a DPP4 inhibitor, an SGLT2 inhibitor, a thiazolidinedione or a GLP1-RA injectable. Because of the potential adverse effects of cardiac failure with thiazolidinedione, realistically, it’s a three horse race. The cost effectiveness of each of the class of agents has not been explored thus far.…
June 15, 2018, Dr Chee L Khoo 
Insulin secretion is augmented by incretins following oral glucose intake. In healthy individuals, incretins are responsible for 70% of insulin secretion. However, in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), the incretin effect is significantly blunted thereby affecting glucose control. Glucagon like peptide 1 (GLP1) and gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP)s are the most studied of the incretins.…