25th May 2026, A/Prof Chee L Khoo
All of us have more than a few patients with essential hypertension (i.e. hypertension with no secondary causes) who remain hypertensive despite two or three anti-hypertensives. These are patients who are already on an ACE inhibitor (ACEi) or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) plus a calcium channel blocker (CCB) or a diuretic or both.…
23rd May 2026, A/Prof Chee L Khoo
We all know about the causal association between the so called bad cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). There are suggestions that apolipoprotein B (apoB) levels might be a better reflection of atherosclerotic burden. There is now emerging consensus that relying on particle number whether with LDL-C or apoB is rather too simplistic.…
10th May 2026, A/Prof Chee L Khoo
We were taught in medical school that meniscal injuries inevitably need arthroscopic debridement. Of course, these are likely the ones that don’t improve with physical therapy – physiotherapy, hydrotherapy or chiropractic treatment. We don’t see those that got better with conservative measures. We also don’t see what happen after they had arthroscopic debridement.…
25th April 2026, A/Prof Chee L Khoo
When we think about diabetes, we think about the shrinkage of beta cell mass and its inability to keep up with the insulin demand. We have lots of information of what the islet cells can or cannot do in diabetes but we don’t actually know much of pathogenesis of the pancreatic endocrine (or exocrine) dysfunction in diabetes.…
24th April 2026, A/Prof Chee L Khoo
Australian and international guidelines recommend 150– 300 min of moderate physical activity (MPA), 75–150 min of vigorous physical activity (VPA), or a combination of both per week (1,2). Some people prefer slower but longer exercises while other prefer more intense for shorter periods of time. There is data suggesting that VPA leads to superior improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness, functional capacity, and several cardiometabolic risk factors compared to lower-intensity activities at equivalent volumes (3-5).…
29th March 2026, A/Prof Chee L Khoo
Just as we are getting used to the GLP1-RA and the bi-hormonal GLP1/GIP co-agonists in the management of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity, the playground is about to get more crowded. Retatrutide is a once weekly triple hormone receptor agonist. It is a single molecule that can activate the receptors for glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), and glucagon.…
28th March 2026, A/Prof Chee L Khoo
Not all women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are the same. There are three subtypes of GDM – isolated fasting hyperglycaemia, isolated post prandial hyperglycaemia or combination of both being abnormal. Similarly, not all women with GDM end up the same after delivery. Women with GDM are recommended to have an OGTT at the 6 weeks postpartum.…
24th February 2026, A/Prof Chee L Khoo
We know that suboptimal glucose control is very associated with the incidence and progression of diabetic retinopathy. The duration of diabetes, high systolic BP, smoking, lack of exercise, poor diet and depression are the other risk factors which increase the incidence of diabetic retinopathy as well as the progression of retinopathy. Sleep disorders, which are commonly observed in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D), are also significant factors that influence the development of diabetic complications [1].…
24th February 2026, A/Prof Chee L Khoo
People on shift work are at higher risk of cardio-metabolic dysfunction including cardiovascular (CV) diseases. People on rotating day and night shifts are even worse because their body has to adapt to a new time clock every couple of weeks. These people include ambulance officers, police officers and hospital doctors! Some of us may not be shift workers but are late owls.…
12th February 2026, A/Prof Chee L Khoo
When we think about major complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), we automatically think of an atherosclerotic cardiovascular event. While diabetic kidney disease, diabetic foot disease and retinopathy makes the quality of life miserable the last 5-7 years of their shortened lifespan but it is ASCVD events that kills them.…
27th January 2026, A/Prof Chee L Khoo
We are very familiar with preventing the progression of prediabetes to type 2 diabetes (T2D). Achievement of remission involves multi-component interventions including dietary and physical activity measures and often, pharmacological intervention. Patients with T2D are at heightened cardiometabolic complications. You would think that preventing the progression from prediabetes to diabetes will prevent some of these complications.…
3rd January 2026, A/Prof Chee L Khoo
Women, in general, have a lower cardiovascular (CV) risk because of the “protection” from the oestrogen exposure from puberty onwards. Of course, that “protection” ends when a woman becomes menopausal and indeed, the prevalence of CV events very quickly approaches those of men within a few years. One of the most difficult decisions to make is when to treat elevated lipids in women.…